Manual Pages  — ee

ee - easy editor

SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Options Control keys EMACS keys mode Function Keys Commands Menu Operations Paragraph Formatting Modes Spell Checking Printing the contents of the editor Shell operations Initializing ee from a file Save Editor Configuration CAVEATS International Code Set Support WARNINGS FILES AUTHOR SEE ALSO

ee [-e] [-i] [-h] [+#] [file ...]
ree [-e] [-i] [-h] [+#] [file ...]

The command ee is a simple screen oriented text editor. It is always in text insertion mode unless there is a prompt at the bottom of the terminal, or a menu present (in a box in the middle of the terminal). The command ree is the same as ee, but restricted to editing the named file (no file operations, or shell escapes are allowed).

An editor with similar user-friendly qualities but more features is available and is called aee.

For ee to work properly, the environment variable TERM must be set to indicate the type of terminal being used. For example, for an HP 700/92 terminal, the TERM variable should be set to "70092". See your System Administrator if you need more information.

The following options are available from the command line:

-e	Turns off expansion of tab character to spaces.
-i	Turns off display of information window at top of terminal.
-h	Turns off highlighting of borders of windows and menus (improves performance on some terminals).
+#	Moves the cursor to line '#' at startup.

To do anything other than insert text, the user must use the control keys (the Control key, represented by a "^", pressed in conjunction with an alphabetic key, e.g., ^a) and function keys available on the keyboard (such as Next Page, Prev Page, arrow keys, etc.).

Since not all terminals have function keys, ee has the basic cursor movement functions assigned to control keys as well as more intuitive keys on the keyboard when available. For instance, to move the cursor up, the user can use the up arrow key, or ^u.

^a            Prompt for the decimal value of a character to insert.
^b            Move to the bottom of the text.
^c            Get the prompt for a command.
^d            Move the cursor down.
^e            Prompt for the string to search for.
^f            Undelete the last deleted character.
^g            Move to the beginning of the line.
^h            Backspace.
^i            Tab.
^j            Insert a newline.
^k            Delete the character the cursor is sitting on.
^l            Move the cursor left.
^m            Insert a newline.
^n            Move to the next page.
^o            Move to the end of the line.
^p            Move to the previous page.
^r            Move the cursor to the right.
^t            Move to the top of the text.
^u            Move the cursor up.
^v            Undelete the last deleted word.
^w            Delete the word beginning at the cursor position.
^x            Search.
^y            Delete from the cursor position to the end of line.
^z            Undelete the last deleted line.
^[ (ESC)      Pop up menu.

Since many shells provide an Emacs mode (for cursor movement and other editing operations), some bindings that may be more useful for people familiar with those bindings have been provided. These are accessible via the settings menu, or via the initialization file (see below). The mappings are as follows:

^a            Move to the beginning of the line.
^b            Back 1 character.
^c            Command prompt.
^d            Delete character the cursor is sitting on.
^e            End of line.
^f            Forward 1 character.
^g            Go back 1 page.
^h            Backspace.
^i            Tab.
^j            Undelete last deleted character.
^k            Delete line.
^l            Undelete last deleted line.
^m            Insert a newline.
^n            Move to the next line.
^o            Prompt for the decimal value of a character to insert.
^p            Previous line.
^r            Restore last deleted word.
^t            Move to the top of the text.
^u            Move to the bottom of the text.
^v            Move to the next page.
^w            Delete the word beginning at the cursor position.
^y            Prompt for the string to search for.
^z            Next word.
^[ (ESC)      Pop up menu.

Next Page	Move to the next page.
Prev Page	Move to the previous page.
Delete Char	Delete the character the cursor is on.
Delete Line	Delete from the cursor to the end of line.
Insert line	Insert a newline at the cursor position.
Arrow keys	Move the cursor in the direction indicated.

Some operations require more information than a single keystroke can provide. For the most basic operations, there is a menu that can be obtained by pressing the ESC key. The same operations, and more can be performed by obtaining the command prompt (^c) and typing in one of the commands below.

!cmd	Execute cmd in a shell.
0-9	Move to the line indicated.
case	Make searches case sensitive.
character	Display the ascii value of the character at the cursor.
exit	Save the edited text, and leave the editor.
expand	Expand tabs to spaces.
file	Print the name of the file.
help	Display help screen.
line	Display the current line number.
"nocase	Make searches insensitive to case (the default).
noexpand	Don't expand tab to spaces when the TAB key is pressed.
quit	Leave the editor without saving changes.
read file	Read the named file.
write file	Write the text to the named file.

Pop-up menus can be obtained by pressing the escape key (or ^[ if no escape key is present). When in the menu, the escape key can be used to leave the menu without performing any operations. Use the up and down arrow keys, or ^u for moving up and ^d for moving down to move to the desired items in the menu, then press return to perform the indicated task.

To the left of each menu item is a letter, which if the corresponding letter is pressed on the keyboard selects that menu entry.

The main menu in ee is as follows:

leave editor	If changes have been made, the user will get a menu prompting whether or not the changes should be saved.
help	Displays a help screen, with all of the keyboard operations and commands.
file operations	Pops up a menu for selecting whether to read a file, write to a file, or save the current contents of the editor, as well as send the contents of the editor to a print command (see the section Initializing ee from a file).
redraw screen	Provides a means to repaint the screen if the screen has been corrupted.
settings	Shows the current values of the operating modes, and right margin. By pressing return when the cursor is on a particular item, the value can be changed. To leave this menu, press the escape key. (See Modes below.)
search	Pops up a menu in which the user may choose to enter a string to search for, or search for a string already entered.
miscellaneous	Pops up a menu that allows the user to format the current paragraph, execute a shell command, or check the spelling of the text in the editor.

Paragraphs are defined for ee by a block of text bounded by:

»	Begin or end of file.
»	Line with no characters, or only spaces and/or tabs.
»	Line starting with a period ('.') or right angle bracket ('>').

A paragraph may be formatted two ways: explicitly by choosing the format paragraph menu item, or by setting ee to automatically format paragraphs. The automatic mode may be set via a menu, or via the initialization file.

There are three states for text operation in ee: free-form, margins, and automatic formatting.

"Free-form" is best used for things like programming. There are no restrictions on the length of lines, and no formatting takes place.

"Margins" allows the user to type in text without having to worry about going beyond the right margin (the right margin may be set in the settings menu, the default is for the margin to be the right edge of the terminal). This is the mode that allows the format paragraph menu item to work.

"Automatic formatting" provides word-processor-like behavior. The user may type in text, while ee will make sure the entire paragraph fits within the width of the terminal every time the user inserts a space after typing or deleting text. Margin observation must also be enabled in order for automatic formatting to occur.

Although ee is a 'modeless' editor (it is in text insertion mode all the time), there are modes in some of the things it does. These include:

tab expansion	Tabs may be inserted as a single tab character, or replaced with spaces.
case sensitivity	The search operation can be sensitive to whether characters are upper- or lower-case, or ignore case completely.
margins observed	Lines can either be truncated at the right margin, or extend on forever.
auto paragraph formatting	While typing in text, the editor can try to keep it looking reasonably well within the width of the screen.
eightbit characters	Toggles whether eight bit characters are displayed as their value in angle brackets (e.g. "<220>") or as a character.
info window	A window showing the keyboard operations that can be performed can be displayed or not.
emacs keys	Control keys may be given bindings similar to emacs, or not.
16 bit characters	Toggles whether sixteen bit characters are handled as one 16-bit quantity or two 8-bit quantities. This works primarily with the Chinese Big 5 code set.

You may set these modes via the initialization file (see below), or with a menu (see above).

There are two ways to have the spelling in the text checked from ee. One is by the traditional spell(1) command, the other is with the optional ispell(1) command.

Using spell, the words that are not recognized will be placed at the top of the file. For the ispell option, the file is written to disk, then ispell run on the file, and the file read back in once ispell has completed making changes to the file.

The user may select a menu item which prints the contents of the editor. ee pipes the text in the editor to the command specified by the initialization command printcommand (see the section Initializing ee from a file below). The default is to send the contents to "lp".

Whatever the user assigns to printcommand must take input from standard input. See your system administrator for more details.

Shell commands can be executed from within ee by selecting the shell command item in the miscellaneous menu, or by placing an exclamation mark ("!") before the command to execute at the command: prompt. Additionally, the user may direct the contents of the edit buffer out to a shell operation (via a pipe) by using the left angle bracket (">"), followed by a "!" and the shell command to execute. The output of a shell operation can also be directed into the edit buffer by using a right angle bracket ("<") before the exclamation mark. These can even be used together to send output to a shell operation and read back the results into the editor. So, if the editor contained a list of words to be sorted, they could be sorted by typing the following at the command prompt:

><!sort

This would send the contents of the editor to be piped into the sort utility and the result would be placed into the edit buffer at the current cursor location. The old information would have to be deleted by the user.

Since different users have different preferences, ee allows some slight configurability. There are three possible locations for an initialization file for ee: the file /usr/share/misc/init.ee, the file .init.ee in the user's home directory, or the file .init.ee in the current directory (if different from the home directory). This allows system administrators to set some preferences for the users on a system-wide basis (for example, the print command), and the user to customize settings for particular directories (like one for correspondence, and a different directory for programming).

The file usr/share/misc/init.ee is read first, then $HOME/.init.ee, then .init.ee, with the settings specified by the most recent file read taking precedence.

The following items may be entered in the initialization file:

case	Sets searches to be case sensitive.
nocase	Sets searches to be insensitive to case (default).
expand	Causes ee to expand tabs to spaces (default).
noexpand	Causes ee to insert tabs as a single character.
info	A small information window is displayed at the top of the terminal (default).
noinfo	Turns off the display of the information window.
margins	Causes ee to truncate lines at the right margin when the cursor passes beyond the right margin as set by the user while text is being inserted (default).
nomargins	Allows lines to extend beyond the right margin.
autoformat	Causes ee to automatically try to format the current paragraph while text insertion is occurring.
noautoformat	Turns off automatic paragraph formatting (default).
printcommand	Allows the setting of the print command (default: "lp").
rightmargin	The user can select a value for the right margin (the first column on the screen is zero).
highlight	Turns on highlighting border of information window and menus (default).
nohighlight	Turns off highlighting of border of information window and menus.
eightbit	Turns on display of eight bit characters.
noeightbit	Turns off display of eight bit characters (they are displayed as their decimal value inside angle brackets, e.g., "<220>").
16bit	Turns on handling of 16-bit characters.
no16bit	Turns off handling of 16-bit characters.
emacs	Turns on emacs key bindings.
noemacs	Turns off emacs key bindings.

When using this entry from the settings menu, the user may choose to save the current configuration of the editor (see Initializing ee from a file above) to a file named .init.ee in the current directory or the user's home directory. If a file named .init.ee already exists, it will be renamed .init.ee.old.

THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED "AS IS". THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Neither Hewlett-Packard nor Hugh Mahon shall be liable for errors contained herein, nor for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material. Neither Hewlett-Packard nor Hugh Mahon assumes any responsibility for the use or reliability of this software or documentation. This software and documentation is totally UNSUPPORTED. There is no support contract available. Hewlett-Packard has done NO Quality Assurance on ANY of the program or documentation. You may find the quality of the materials inferior to supported materials.

Always make a copy of files that cannot be easily reproduced before editing. Save files early, and save often.

ee supports single-byte character code sets (eight-bit clean), or the Chinese Big-5 code set. (Other multi-byte code sets may function, but the reason Big-5 works is that a two-byte character also takes up two columns on the screen.)

The automatic paragraph formatting operation may be too slow for slower systems.

/usr/share/misc/init.ee
$HOME/.init.ee
.init.ee

The software ee was developed by Hugh Mahon.

This software and documentation contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved.

Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2001 Hugh Mahon.