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Manual Pages  — LAST

NAME

last – indicate last logins of users and ttys

CONTENTS

SYNOPSIS


last [--libxo] [-swy] [ -d [[CC ]YY][MM DD]hh mm[.SS]] [-f file] [-h host] [-n maxrec] [-t tty] [user ...]

DESCRIPTION

The last utility will either list the sessions of specified users, ttys, and hosts, in reverse time order, or list the users logged in at a specified date and time. Each line of output contains the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by a crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.

The following options are available:
--libxo
  Generate output via libxo(3) in a selection of different human and machine readable formats. See xo_parse_args(3) for details on command line arguments.
-d date
  Specify the snapshot date and time. All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will be reported. This may be used with the -f option to derive the results from stored utx.log files. When this argument is provided, all other options except for -f and -n are ignored. The argument should be in the form [[CC ]YY][MM DD]hh mm[.SS]where each pair of letters represents the following:

CC The first two digits of the year (the century).
YY The second two digits of the year. If YY is specified, but CC is not, a value for YY between 69 and 99 results in a CC value of 19. Otherwise, a CC value of 20 is used.
MM Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
DD Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
hh Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
mm Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
file ...
  Second of the minute, from 0 to 60.

If the CC and YY letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current year. If the file ... letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
-f file
  Read the file file instead of the default, /var/log/utx.log.
-h host
  Host names may be names or internet numbers.
-n maxrec
  Limit the report to maxrec lines.
-s
  Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the default days, hours and minutes.
-t tty
  Specify the tty. Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, "last -t 03" is equivalent to "last -t tty03".
-w
  Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the default days, hours and minutes.
-y
  Report the year in the session start time.

If multiple arguments are given, and a snapshot time is not specified, the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g., "last root -t console" would list all of "root's" sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no users, hostnames or terminals are specified, last prints a record of all logins and logouts.

The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of the system, thus "last reboot" will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal last indicates how far the search has progressed and then continues.

FILES

/var/log/utx.log
  login data base

SEE ALSO

lastcomm(1), getutxent(3), ac(8), lastlogin(8) libxo(3), xo_parse_args(3)

HISTORY

last utility first appeared in BSD 1 .

AUTHORS

The original version was written by Howard P. Katseff; Keith Bostic rewrote it in 1986/87 to add functionality and to improve code quality. Philip Paeps added libxo(3) support in August 2018.

BUGS

If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely that a logout record will not be written to the utx.log file. In this case, last will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".

LAST (1) August 28, 2018

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