login.conf(5) manual page

login.conf contains various attributes and capabilities of login classes. A login class (an optional annotation against each record in the user account database, /etc/master.passwd) determines session accounting, resource limits and user environment settings. It is used by various programs in the system to set up a user's login environment and to enforce policy, accounting and administrative restrictions. It also provides the means by which users are able to be authenticated to the system and the types of authentication available. Attributes in addition to the ones described here are available with third-party packages.

A special record "default" in the system user class capability database /etc/login.conf is used automatically for any non-root user without a valid login class in /etc/master.passwd. A user with a uid of 0 without a valid login class will use the record "root" if it exists, or "default" if not.

Users may individually create a file called .login_conf in their home directory using the same format, consisting of a single entry with a record id of "me". If present, this file is used by login(1) to set user-defined environment settings which override those specified in the system login capabilities database. Only a subset of login capabilities may be overridden, typically those which do not involve authentication, resource limits and accounting.

Records in a class capabilities database consist of a number of colon-separated fields. The first entry for each record gives one or more names that a record is to be known by, each separated by a '|' character. The first name is the most common abbreviation. The last name given should be a long name that is more descriptive of the capability entry, and all others are synonyms. All names but the last should be in lower case and contain no blanks; the last name may contain upper case characters and blanks for readability.

Note that since a colon (‘:amp;’) is used to separate capability entries, a ‘\c’ escape sequence must be used to embed a literal colon in the value or name of a capability.

The default /etc/login.conf shipped with FreeBSD is an out of the box configuration. Whenever changes to this, or the user's ~/.login_conf, file are made, the modifications will not be picked up until cap_mkdb(1) is used to compile the file into a database. This database file will have a .db extension and is accessed through cgetent(3). See getcap(3) for a more in-depth description of the format of a capability database.

Fields within each record in the database follow the getcap(3) conventions for boolean, type string ‘amp;=’ and type numeric ‘amp;#’, although type numeric is deprecated in favour of the string format and either form is accepted for a numeric datum. Values fall into the following categories:

bool	If the name is present, then the boolean value is true; otherwise, it is false
file	Path name to a data file
program
	Path name to an executable file
list	A list of values (or pairs of values) separated by commas or spaces
path	A space or comma separated list of path names, following the usual csh conventions (leading tilde with and without username being expanded to home directories etc.)
number	A numeric value, either decimal (default), hexadecimal (with leading 0x), or octal (with a leading 0). With a numeric type, only one numeric value is allowed. Numeric types may also be specified in string format (i.e., the capability tag being delimited from the value by '=' instead of '#'). Whichever method is used, then all records in the database must use the same method to allow values to be correctly overridden in interpolated records. A numeric value may be infinite.
size	A number which expresses a size. The default interpretation of a value is the number of bytes, but a suffix may specify alternate units:

b	explicitly selects 512-byte blocks
k	selects kilobytes (1024 bytes)
m	specifies a multiplier of 1 megabyte (1048576 bytes),
g	specifies units of gigabytes, and
t	represents terabytes.

A size value is a numeric quantity and case of the suffix is not significant. Concatenated values are added together. A size value may be infinite.

time	A period of time, by default in seconds. A prefix may specify a different unit:
y	indicates the number of 365 day years,
w	indicates the number of weeks,
d	the number of days,
h	the number of hours,
m	the number of minutes, and
s	the number of seconds.

Concatenated values are added together. For example, 2 hours and 40 minutes may be written either as 9600s, 160m or 2h40m. A time value may be infinite.

"infinity", "inf", "unlimited", "unlimit," and -1 are considered infinite values.

The usual convention to interpolate capability entries using the special tc=value notation may be used.

Name Ta Type Ta Notes	Description
coredumpsize Ta size Ta	Maximum coredump size limit.
cputime Ta time Ta	CPU usage limit.
datasize Ta size Ta	Maximum data size limit.
filesize Ta size Ta	Maximum file size limit.
maxproc Ta number Ta	Maximum number of processes.
memorylocked Ta size Ta	Maximum locked in core memory size limit.
memoryuse Ta size Ta	Maximum of core memory use size limit.
openfiles Ta number Ta	Maximum number of open files per process.
sbsize Ta size Ta	Maximum permitted socketbuffer size.
vmemoryuse Ta size Ta	Maximum permitted total VM usage per process.
stacksize Ta size Ta	Maximum stack size limit.
pseudoterminals Ta number Ta	Maximum number of pseudo-terminals.
swapuse Ta size Ta	Maximum swap space size limit.
umtxp Ta number Ta	Maximum number of process-shared pthread locks.

These resource limit entries actually specify both the maximum and current limits (see getrlimit(2)). The current (soft) limit is the one normally used, although the user is permitted to increase the current limit to the maximum (hard) limit. The maximum and current limits may be specified individually by appending a -max or -cur to the capability name.

Name Ta Type Ta Notes	Description
copyright Ta file Ta	File containing additional copyright information
host.allow Ta list Ta	List of remote host wildcards from which users inthe class may access.
host.deny Ta list Ta	List of remote host wildcards from which usersin the class may not access.
login_prompt Ta string Ta	The login prompt given bylogin(1)
login-backoff Ta number Ta 3	The number of login attemptsallowed before the backoff delay is inserted after each subsequent attempt. The backoff delay is the number of tries above login-backoff multiplied by 5 seconds.
login-retries Ta number Ta 10	The number of login attemptsallowed before the login fails.
passwd_format Ta string Ta sha512	The encryption format that new orchanged passwords will use. Valid values include "des", "md5", "blf", "sha256" and "sha512"; see crypt(3) for details. NIS clients using a non-Fx NIS server should probably use "des".
passwd_prompt Ta string Ta	The password prompt presented bylogin(1)
passwordtime Ta time Ta	Used bypasswd(1) to set next password expiry date.
times.allow Ta list Ta	List of time periods during whichlogins are allowed.
times.deny Ta list Ta	List of time periods during which logins aredisallowed.
ttys.allow Ta list Ta	List of ttys and ttygroups which usersin the class may use for access.
ttys.deny Ta list Ta	List of ttys and ttygroups which usersin the class may not use for access.
warnexpire Ta time Ta	Advance notice for pending account expiry.
warnpassword Ta time Ta	Advance notice for pending password expiry.

These fields are intended to be used by passwd(1) and other programs in the login authentication system.

Capabilities that set environment variables are scanned for both ‘amp;~’ and ‘amp;$’ characters, which are substituted for a user's home directory and name respectively. To pass these characters literally into the environment variable, escape the character by preceding it with a backslash '\'.

The host.allow and host.deny entries are comma separated lists used for checking remote access to the system, and consist of a list of hostnames and/or IP addresses against which remote network logins are checked. Items in these lists may contain wildcards in the form used by shell programs for wildcard matching (See fnmatch(3) for details on the implementation). The check on hosts is made against both the remote system's Internet address and hostname (if available). If both lists are empty or not specified, then logins from any remote host are allowed. If host.allow contains one or more hosts, then only remote systems matching any of the items in that list are allowed to log in. If host.deny contains one or more hosts, then a login from any matching hosts will be disallowed.

The times.allow and times.deny entries consist of a comma-separated list of time periods during which the users in a class are allowed to be logged in. These are expressed as one or more day codes followed by a start and end times expressed in 24 hour format, separated by a hyphen or dash. For example, MoThSa0200-1300 translates to Monday, Thursday and Saturday between the hours of 2 am and 1 p.m.. If both of these time lists are empty, users in the class are allowed access at any time. If times.allow is specified, then logins are only allowed during the periods given. If times.deny is specified, then logins are denied during the periods given, regardless of whether one of the periods specified in times.allow applies.

Note that login(1) enforces only that the actual login falls within periods allowed by these entries. Further enforcement over the life of a session requires a separate daemon to monitor transitions from an allowed period to a non-allowed one.

The ttys.allow and ttys.deny entries contain a comma-separated list of tty devices (without the /dev/ prefix) that a user in a class may use to access the system, and/or a list of ttygroups (See getttyent(3) and ttys(5) for information on ttygroups). If neither entry exists, then the choice of login device used by the user is unrestricted. If only ttys.allow is specified, then the user is restricted only to ttys in the given group or device list. If only ttys.deny is specified, then the user is prevented from using the specified devices or devices in the group. If both lists are given and are non-empty, the user is restricted to those devices allowed by ttys.allow that are not available by ttys.deny.

The minpasswordlen and minpasswordcase facilities for enforcing restrictions on password quality, which used to be supported by login.conf, have been superseded by the pam_passwdqc(8) PAM module.

Name Ta Type Ta Notes	Description
charset Ta string Ta	Set $MM_CHARSET environment variable to the specifiedvalue.
cpumask Ta string Ta	List of cpus to bind the user to.The syntax is the same as for the -l argument of cpuset(1) or the word ‘`default`’. If set to ‘`default`’ no action is taken.
hushlogin Ta bool Ta false	Same as having a ~/.hushlogin file.
ignorenologin Ta bool Ta false	Login not prevented by nologin.
ftp-chroot Ta bool Ta false	Limit FTP access withchroot(2) to the HOME directory of the user. See ftpd(8) for details.
label Ta string Ta	Default MAC policy; seemaclabel(7).
lang Ta string Ta	Set $LANG environment variable to the specified value.
mail Ta string Ta	Set $MAIL environment variable to the specified value.
manpath Ta path Ta	Default search path for manpages.
nocheckmail Ta bool Ta false	Display mail status at login.
nologin Ta file Ta	If the file exists it will be displayed andthe login session will be terminated.
path Ta path Ta /bin /usr/bin	Default search path.
priority Ta number Ta	Initial priority (nice) level.
requirehome Ta bool Ta false	Require a valid home directory to login.
setenv Ta list Ta	A comma-separated list of environment variables andvalues to which they are to be set.
shell Ta prog Ta	Session shell to execute rather than theshell specified in the passwd file. The SHELL environment variable will contain the shell specified in the password file.
term Ta string Ta	Default terminal type if not able to determinefrom other means.
timezone Ta string Ta	Default value of $TZ environment variable.
umask Ta number Ta 022	Initial umask. Should always have a leading 0 toensure octal interpretation.
welcome Ta file Ta /etc/motd	File containing welcome message.

Name Ta Type Ta Notes	Description
accounted Ta bool Ta false	Enable session time accounting for all usersin this class.
auth Ta list Ta passwd	Allowed authentication styles.The first item is the default style.
auth-type	list Ta	Allowed authentication styles for theauthentication type.
autodelete Ta time Ta	Time after expiry when account is auto-deleted.
bootfull Ta bool Ta false	Enable 'boot only if ttygroup is full' strategywhen terminating sessions.
daytime Ta time Ta	Maximum login time per day.
expireperiod Ta time Ta	Time for expiry allocation.
graceexpire Ta time Ta	Grace days for expired account.
gracetime Ta time Ta	Additional grace login time allowed.
host.accounted Ta list Ta	List of remote host wildcards from whichlogin sessions will be accounted.
host.exempt Ta list Ta	List of remote host wildcards from whichlogin session accounting is exempted.
idletime Ta time Ta	Maximum idle time before logout.
minpasswordlen Ta number Ta 6	The minimum length a localpassword may be.
mixpasswordcase Ta bool Ta true	Whetherpasswd(1) will warn the user if an all lower case password is entered.
monthtime Ta time Ta	Maximum login time per month.
refreshtime Ta time Ta	New time allowed on account refresh.
refreshperiod Ta str Ta	How often account time is refreshed.
sessiontime Ta time Ta	Maximum login time per session.
sessionlimit Ta number Ta	Maximum number of concurrentlogin sessions on ttys in any group.
ttys.accounted Ta list Ta	List of ttys and ttygroups for whichlogin accounting is active.
ttys.exempt Ta list Ta	List of ttys and ttygroups for which login accountingis exempt.
warntime Ta time Ta	Advance notice for pending out-of-time.
weektime Ta time Ta	Maximum login time per week.

Manual Pages — LOGIN.CONF

NAME

CONTENTS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CAPABILITIES

RESOURCE LIMITS

ENVIRONMENT

AUTHENTICATION

RESERVED CAPABILITIES

SEE ALSO

HISTORY