Main index | Section 8 | 日本語 | Options |
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Audible. Output a bell ( ASCII 0x07) character when no packet is received before the next packet is transmitted. To cater for round-trip times that are longer than the interval between transmissions, further missing packets cause a bell only if the maximum number of unreceived packets has increased. | |
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Audible. Include a bell ( ASCII 0x07) character in the output when any packet is received. This option is ignored if other format options are present. | |
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Stop after sending (and receiving) count ECHO_RESPONSE packets. If this option is not specified, ping will operate until interrupted. If this option is specified in conjunction with ping sweeps, each sweep will consist of count packets. | |
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Set the Don't Fragment bit. | |
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Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. | |
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Flood ping. Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ".amp;" is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. Only the super-user may use this option. This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution. | |
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Specify the maximum size of ICMP payload when sending sweeping pings. This option is required for ping sweeps. | |
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Specify the size of ICMP payload to start with when sending sweeping pings. The default value is 0. | |
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Hostname output.
Try to do a reverse DNS lookup when displaying addresses.
This is the opposite of the
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Specify the number of bytes to increment the size of ICMP payload after each sweep when sending sweeping pings. The default value is 1. | |
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Source multicast packets with the given interface address. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address. | |
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Wait
wait
seconds
between sending each packet.
The default is to wait for one second between each packet.
The wait time may be fractional, but only the super-user may specify
values less than 1 second.
This option is incompatible with the
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Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address. | |
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If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets as fast as possible before falling into its normal mode of behavior. Only the super-user may use this option. | |
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Use ICMP_MASKREQ or ICMP_TSTAMP instead of ICMP_ECHO. For mask, print the netmask of the remote machine. Set the net.inet.icmp.maskrepl MIB variable to enable ICMP_MASKREPLY and net.inet.icmp.maskfake if you want to override the netmask in the response. For time, print the origination, reception and transmission timestamps. Set the net.inet.icmp.tstamprepl MIB variable to enable or disable ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY. | |
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Set the IP Time To Live for outgoing packets. If not specified, the kernel uses the value of the net.inet.ip.ttl MIB variable. | |
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Numeric output only.
No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses.
This is the opposite of
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Exit successfully after receiving one reply packet. | |
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policy specifies IPsec policy for the ping session. For details please refer to ipsec(4) and ipsec_set_policy(3). | |
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You may specify up to 16 "pad" bytes to fill out the packet you send. This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network. For example, "-p ff" will cause the sent packet to be filled with all ones. | |
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Somewhat quiet output.
Don Ap t
display ICMP error messages that are in response to our query messages.
Originally, the
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Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and when finished. | |
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Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets. Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes; the traceroute(8) command is usually better at determining the route packets take to a particular destination. If more routes come back than should, such as due to an illegal spoofed packet, ping will print the route list and then truncate it at the correct spot. Many hosts ignore or discard the RECORD_ROUTE option. | |
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Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface that has no route through it (e.g., after the interface was dropped by routed(8)). | |
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Use the following IP address as the source address in outgoing packets. On hosts with more than one IP address, this option can be used to force the source address to be something other than the IP address of the interface the probe packet is sent on. If the IP address is not one of this machine's interface addresses, an error is returned and nothing is sent. | |
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Specify the number of data bytes to be sent. The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data. Only the super-user may specify values more than default. This option cannot be used with ping sweeps. | |
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Set the IP Time To Live for multicasted packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address. | |
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Specify a timeout, in seconds, before ping exits regardless of how many packets have been received. | |
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Verbose output. ICMP packets other than ECHO_RESPONSE that are received are listed. | |
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Time in milliseconds to wait for a reply for each packet sent. If a reply arrives later, the packet is not printed as replied, but considered as replied when calculating statistics. | |
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Use the specified type of service. | |
When using ping for fault isolation, it should first be run on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be "pinged". Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed. If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used in calculating the round-trip time statistics. When the specified number of packets have been sent (and received) or if the program is terminated with a SIGINT, a brief summary is displayed, showing the number of packets sent and received, and the minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation of the round-trip times.
If ping receives a SIGINFO (see the status argument for stty(1)) signal, the current number of packets sent and received, and the minimum, mean, and maximum of the round-trip times will be written to the standard error output.
This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and management. Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use ping during normal operations or from automated scripts.
If the data space is at least eight bytes large, ping uses the first eight bytes of this space to include a timestamp which it uses in the computation of round trip times. If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip times are given.
Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often indicate broken hardware somewhere in the ping packet's path (in the network or in the hosts).
This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably
have to do a lot of testing to find it.
If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either
cannot
be sent across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than
other similar length files.
You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test
using the
The TCP/IP specification recommends setting the TTL field for IP packets to 64, but many systems use smaller values ( Bx 4.3 uses 30, BSD 4.2 used 15).
The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most Unix systems set the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255. This is why you will find you can "ping" some hosts, but not reach them with telnet(1) or ftp(1).
In normal operation ping prints the ttl value from the packet it receives. When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things with the TTL field in its response:
0 | At least one response was heard from the specified host. |
2 | The transmission was successful but no responses were received. |
any other value | |
An error occurred. These values are defined in <sysexits.h>. | |
The maximum IP header length is too small for options like RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful. There Ap s not much that can be done about this, however.
Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions.
The
PING (8) | August 22, 2019 |
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