A sketch of the file system hierarchy.
|
| /
|
root directory of the file system
|
| /bin/
|
user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
|
| /boot/
|
programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
|
| defaults/
|
| |
default bootstrapping configuration files; see
loader.conf(5)
|
| dtb/
|
Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) files; see
fdt(4)
and
dtc(1)
|
| firmware/
|
| |
loadable kernel modules containing binary firmware for hardware that needs
firmware downloaded to it to function
|
| kernel/
|
pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
at boot time) and kernel modules
|
| modules/
|
third-party loadable kernel modules;
see
kldstat(8)
|
| overlays/
|
| |
Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) overlays; see
fdt(4)
and
dtc(1)
|
| zfs/
|
zfs(8)
zpool cache files
|
|
| /cdrom/
|
default mount point for CD-ROM drives
|
| /compat/
|
normally a link to
/usr/compat.
If not, then the
/usr/compat
comments apply
|
| /dev/
|
device special files managed by
devfs(5)
|
| fd/
|
file descriptor files;
see
amp;fd(4)
|
|
| /etc/
|
system configuration files and scripts
|
| defaults/
|
| |
default system configuration files;
see
rc(8)
|
| bluetooth/
|
| |
bluetooth configuration files
|
| localtime
|
| |
local timezone information;
see
ctime(3)
|
| mail/
|
Sendmail control files
|
| mtree/
|
mtree configuration files;
see
mtree(8)
|
| pam.d/
|
configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
library
|
| periodic/
|
| |
scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
cron(8);
see
periodic(8)
|
| rc.d/
|
system and daemon startup/control scripts;
see
rc(8)
|
| security/
|
| |
OpenBSM audit configuration files;
see
audit(8)
|
| ppp/
|
ppp configuration files;
see
ppp(8)
|
| ssh/
|
OpenSSH configuration files;
see
ssh(1)
|
| ssl/
|
OpenSSL configuration files
|
|
| /lib/
|
critical system libraries needed for binaries in
/bin
and
/sbin
|
| casper/
|
service-specific
libcasper(3)
Capsicum support libraries
|
| geom/
|
class-specific libraries for the
geom(8)
utility
|
| nvmecontrol/
|
| |
vendor-specific libraries to extend the
nvmecontrol(8)
utility
|
|
| /libexec/
|
| |
critical system utilities needed for binaries in
/bin
and
/sbin
|
| /media/
|
contains subdirectories to be used as mount points
for removable media such as CDs, USB drives, and
floppy disks
|
| /mnt/
|
empty directory commonly used by
system administrators as a temporary mount point
|
| /net/
|
automounted NFS shares;
see
auto_master(5)
|
| /nonexistent/
|
| |
a non-existent directory;
by convention, it serves as a home directory
for special user accounts
that need no home directory;
see also
/var/empty/
|
| /proc/
|
process file system;
see
procfs(5)
|
| /rescue/
|
statically linked programs for emergency recovery;
see
rescue(8)
|
| /root/
|
root's HOME directory
|
| /sbin/
|
system programs and administration utilities
fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
|
| /tmp/
|
temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
|
| /usr/
|
contains the majority of user utilities and applications
|
|
| bin/
|
common utilities, programming tools, and applications
|
| compat/
|
files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems,
such as Linux
|
| freebsd-dist/
|
| |
distribution files
(like base.txz);
see
release(7)
and
bsdinstall(8)
|
| include/
|
standard C include files
|
|
| arpa/
|
C include files for Internet service protocols
|
| bsnmp/
|
C include files for the SNMP daemon
|
| c++/
|
C++ include files
|
| cam/
|
C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
|
| scsi/
|
SCSI device on top of CAM
|
|
| dev/
|
C include files for programming various
FreeBSD
devices
|
| ic/
|
various header files describing driver- and bus-independent
hardware circuits
|
| ofw/
|
Open Firmware support
|
| pbio/
|
8255 PPI cards;
see
pbio(4)
|
| ppbus/
|
parallel port bus;
see
ppbus(4)
|
| usb/
|
USB subsystem
|
| wi/
|
wi(4)
WaveLAN driver
|
|
| fs/
|
|
| fdescfs/
|
per-process file descriptors file system
|
| msdosfs/
|
MS-DOS file system
|
| nfs/
|
C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2, 3 and 4
|
| nullfs/
|
loopback file system
|
| procfs/
|
process file system
|
| smbfs/
|
SMB/CIFS file system
|
| udf/
|
UDF file system
|
| unionfs
|
union file system
|
|
| geom/
|
GEOM framework
|
| concat/
|
CONCAT GEOM class
|
| gate/
|
GATE GEOM class
|
| mirror/
|
MIRROR GEOM class
|
| nop/
|
NOP GEOM class
|
| raid3/
|
RAID3 GEOM class
|
| stripe/
|
STRIPE GEOM class
|
|
| libmilter/
|
| |
C include files for libmilter,
the
sendmail(8)
mail filter API
|
| machine/
|
machine-specific C include files
|
| net/
|
miscellaneous network C include files
|
|
| altq/
|
C include files for alternate queueing
|
|
| net80211/
|
| |
C include files for 802.11 wireless networking;
see
net80211(4)
|
| netinet/
|
| |
C include files for Internet standard protocols;
see
inet(4)
|
| netinet6/
|
| |
C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
see
inet6(4)
|
| netipsec/
|
| |
kernel key-management service;
see
ipsec(4)
|
| netsmb/
|
| |
SMB/CIFS requester
|
| nfs/
|
C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2 and 3 (legacy)
|
| openssl/
|
| |
OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
|
| protocols/
|
| |
C include files for Berkeley service protocols
|
| rpc/
|
remote procedure calls;
see
rpc(3)
|
| rpcsvc/
|
| |
definition of RPC service structures; see
rpc(3)
|
| security/
|
| |
PAM; see
pam(8)
|
| sys/
|
system C include files (kernel data structures)
|
| ufs/
|
C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
|
|
| ffs/
|
Fast file system
|
| ufs/
|
UFS file system
|
|
| lib/
|
shared and archive
ar(1)-type
libraries
|
|
| compat/
|
| |
shared libraries for compatibility
|
| debug/
|
| |
standalone debug data for the kernel and base system libraries and binaries
|
| dtrace/
|
| |
DTrace library scripts
|
| engines/
|
| |
OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) dynamically loadable engines
|
|
| libdata/
|
| |
miscellaneous utility data files
|
| gcc/
|
gcc(1)
configuration data
|
| ldscripts/
|
| |
linker scripts;
see
ld(1)
|
|
| libexec/
|
| |
system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
|
| aout/
|
utilities to manipulate a.out executables
|
| elf/
|
utilities to manipulate ELF executables
|
| lpr/
|
utilities and filters for LP print system;
see
lpr(1)
|
| sendmail/
|
| |
the
sendmail(8)
binary;
see
mailwrapper(8)
|
| sm.bin/
|
| |
restricted shell for
sendmail(8);
see
smrsh(8)
|
|
| local/
|
| |
local executables, libraries, etc.
Also used as the default destination for the
ports(7)
framework.
Within
local/,
the general layout sketched out by
hier
for
/usr
should be used.
Exceptions are the
ports documentation
(in
share/doc/<port>/),
and
/usr/local/etc
(mimics
/etc).
|
| obj/
|
architecture-specific target tree produced by building
FreeBSD
from source;
see
build(7)
|
| ports/
|
| |
ports(7),
the
FreeBSD
ports collection.
|
| sbin/
|
system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
|
| share/
|
| |
architecture-independent files
|
| calendar/
|
| |
a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
see
calendar(1)
|
| dict/
|
word lists;
see
look(1)
|
| freebsd
|
| |
FreeBSD Ns -specific
terms, proper names, and jargon
|
| web2
|
words from Webster's 2nd International
|
|
| doc/
|
miscellaneous documentation;
source for most of the printed
BSD
manuals (available
from the
USENIX
association)
|
| FAQ/
|
Frequently Asked Questions
|
| IPv6/
|
implementation notes for IPv6
|
| es/
|
Spanish translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
|
| handbook/
|
| |
FreeBSD
Handbook
|
| ja/
|
Japanese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
|
| legal/
|
| |
License files for vendor supplied firmware files
|
| ncurses/
|
| |
HTML documents pertaining to ncurses;
see
ncurses(3)
|
| ntp/
|
HTML documents pertaining to the Network Time Protocol
|
| ru/
|
Russian translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
|
| tutorials/
|
| |
FreeBSD
tutorials
|
| zh/
|
Chinese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
|
|
| examples/
|
| |
various examples for users and programmers
|
| firmware/
|
| |
firmware images loaded by userland programs
|
| games/
|
| |
ASCII text files used by various games
|
| keys/
|
known trusted and revoked keys.
|
| pkg/
|
fingerprints for
pkg(7)
and
pkg(8)
|
|
| locale/
|
| |
localization files;
see
setlocale(3)
|
| man/
|
manual pages
|
| misc/
|
miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files
|
| fonts/
|
| |
???
|
| termcap
|
| |
terminal characteristics database;
see
termcap(5)
|
|
| mk/
|
templates for make;
see
make(1)
|
| nls/
|
national language support files
|
| security/
|
| |
data files for security policies such as
mac_lomac(4)
|
| sendmail/
|
| |
sendmail(8)
configuration files
|
| skel/
|
example
.amp;
(dot) files for new accounts
|
| snmp/
|
MIBs, example files and tree definitions for the SNMP daemon.
|
| defs/
|
tree definition files for use with
gensnmptree(1)
|
| mibs/
|
MIB files
|
|
| zoneinfo/
|
| |
timezone configuration information;
see
tzfile(5)
|
|
| src/
|
BSD ,
third-party, and/or local source files
|
|
| bin/
|
source code for files in /bin
|
| cddl/
|
utilities covered by the Common Development and Distribution License
|
| contrib/
|
source code for contributed software
|
| crypto/
|
source code for contributed cryptography software
|
| etc/
|
source code for files in
/etc
|
| gnu/
|
utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
|
| include/
|
source code for files in
/usr/include
|
| kerberos5/
|
| |
build infrastructure for Kerberos version 5
|
| lib/
|
source code for files in
/lib
and
/usr/lib
|
| libexec/
|
source code for files in
/usr/libexec
|
| release/
|
files required to produce a
FreeBSD
release
|
| rescue/
|
source code for files in
/rescue
|
| sbin/
|
source code for files in
/sbin
|
| secure/
|
build directory for files in
/usr/src/crypto
|
| share/
|
source for files in
/usr/share
|
| stand/
|
boot loader source code
|
| sys/
|
kernel source code
|
|
| amd64/
|
| |
AMD64 architecture support
|
| arm/
|
ARM architecture support
|
| arm64/
|
| |
ARMv8 architecture support
|
| cam/
|
cam(4)
and
ctl(4)
|
| cddl/
|
CDDL-licensed optional sources, including ZFS
and DTrace
|
| ddb/
|
ddb(4)
|
| fs/
|
most filesystems
|
| dev/
|
device drivers
|
| geom/
|
geom(4)
|
| i386/
|
i386 (32 bit) architecture support
|
| kern/
|
main part of the kernel
|
| mips/
|
MIPS architecture support
|
| net80211/
|
| |
net80211(4)
|
| netgraph/
|
| |
netgraph(4)
|
| netinet/
|
| |
inet(4)
|
| netinet6/
|
| |
inet6(4)
|
| netipsec/
|
| |
ipsec(4)
|
| netpfil/
|
| |
ipfw(4)
and
pf(4)
|
| opencrypto/
|
| |
crypto(7)
|
| powerpc/
|
| |
PowerPC/POWER architecture support
|
| riscv/
|
| |
RISC-V architecture support
|
| security/
|
| |
audit(4)
and
mac(4)
|
| sparc64/
|
| |
SPARC64 architecture support
|
| sys/
|
kernel headers
|
| ufs/
|
Unix File System
|
| x86/
|
code shared by AMD64 and i386 architectures
|
|
| targets/
|
| |
support for experimental DIRDEPS_BUILD
|
| tests/
|
| |
source code for files in
/usr/tests
|
| tools/
|
| |
tools used for maintenance and testing of
FreeBSD
|
| usr.bin/
|
| |
source code for files in
/usr/bin
|
| usr.sbin/
|
| |
source code for files in
/usr/sbin
|
|
| tests/
|
| |
The
FreeBSD
test suite.
See
tests(7)
for more details.
|
|
| /var/
|
multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
|
|
| account/
|
system accounting files
|
|
| acct
|
execution accounting file;
see
acct(5)
|
|
| at/
|
timed command scheduling files;
see
amp;at(1)
|
| jobs/
|
directory containing job files
|
| spool/
|
| |
directory containing output spool files
|
|
| backups/
|
| |
miscellaneous backup files
|
| cache/
|
| |
miscellaneous cached files
|
| pkg/
|
cached packages for
pkg(8)
|
|
| db/
|
miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files
|
| empty/
|
| |
empty directory for use by programs that need a specifically empty directory.
Used for instance by
sshd(8)
for privilege separation.
|
| games/
|
| |
miscellaneous game status and score files
|
| heimdal/
|
| |
Kerberos server databases; see
kdc(8)
|
| log/
|
miscellaneous system log files
|
| utx.lastlogin
|
| |
last login log;
see
getutxent(3)
|
| utx.log
|
| |
login/logout log;
see
getutxent(3)
|
|
| mail/
|
user mailbox files
|
| msgs/
|
system messages database;
see
msgs(1)
|
| preserve/
|
| |
temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
of an editor;
see
amp;ex(1)
|
| quotas/
|
| |
file system quota information files
|
| run/
|
system information files describing various info about
system since it was booted
|
| ppp/
|
writable by the
"network"
group for command connection sockets; see
ppp(8)
|
| utx.active
|
| |
database of current users;
see
getutxent(3)
|
|
| rwho/
|
rwho data files;
see
rwhod(8),
rwho(1),
and
ruptime(1)
|
| spool/
|
| |
miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories
|
| clientmqueue/
|
| |
undelivered submission mail queue;
see
sendmail(8)
|
| ftp/
|
ftp root directory;
see
ftpd(8)
|
| mqueue/
|
| |
undelivered mail queue;
see
sendmail(8)
|
| output/
|
| |
line printer spooling directories
|
|
| tmp/
|
temporary files that are kept between system reboots
|
| vi.recover/
|
| |
the directory where recovery files are stored
|
|
